Analogy & Classification |
When two words are similar then there must be some logically explicable way in which they are similar. If the same logical explanation may be given for another pair of words, their relationship will also be similar in the same way. Then we say that the two pairs are analogous ie they exhibit analogy. For example, student : school and patient : hospital are analogous pairs of words because they have the same relationship between them . A student goes to school, a patient goes to hospital.
Thus, in order to establish the analogy between a pair of words we need to determine the relationship that exists between any pair of words.
Type of Analogy
There are two important types of questions that can be asked in Competitive Examinations. These are (i) Word Analogy and (ii) Number Analogy. Problems related to word analogy can be asked with respect to both meaningful words and non-meaningful words.
Classification
Once you have mastered the art of establishing the relationship between two words, it would be very easy to classify some given words or to find the odd word out from the given alternative between the words. The dissimilar (odd) word would, then stand out, itself .
Some Solved
Ex. 1: Direct Alphabetic Sequential Relationship
CD: GH:: LM:?
1)DC 2)EG 3)AB 4)JJ
Soln. 3; Examine the question pair ‘CD: GH'. The letters of the first term 'CD' are in natural alphabetic sequence. As are the letters of the second term 'GH'. The letters ‘LM' are also in natural alphabetic sequence. Therefore, a search for an answer where letters are in natural alphabetic sequence will lead you to 'AB'. Hence the correct answer is (3).
Ex. 2: Opposite Alphabetic Sequence
DC:HG:: ML: ?
1) OP 2)NM 3) QP 4)2 & 3 both
Soln. 4; It is clear that the letters in each term are in the reverse of alphabetic sequence. Hence, look for an answer where letters are in the reverse alphabetic order. Hence, (2) and (3) are the correct answer.
Note: It is worth remembering that sometimes the directions to the questions do not specify that there is only one correct answer. In such cases, look out for more than one correct answers and give both for full credit.
Ex.3: (1) Cat is related to mouse in the same way as bird is related to
1) worm 2) snake 3) animal 4) crow
(ii) Vanilla is related to bean as ginger is related to
1) stem 2) root 3) flower 4) fruit
Soln: (i) 1; In this question, 'cat' is an enemy of ‘mouse' and feed on it. So the bird' feed on the worm’. Hence (1) is the correct answer.
(ii) 2; ‘Vanilla' is a kind of 'bean' and 'ginger' is a kind of 'root'. Hence, (2) is the correct answer.
Note: The above questions can be asked in the following ways also:
(i) Cat: Mouse :: Bird :?
1) worm 2) snake 3) animal 4) crow
(ii) Vanilla : Bean :: Ginger : ?
1) stem 2) root 3) flower 4) fruit
Ex. 4: 4 is related to 18 in the same way as 8 is related to
1)66 2)28 3)60 4)48
Soln: 1 ; Clearly, (4)2 +2 = 16+2 = 18
Now, (8)2 +2 =64+2 =66
Hence, if the first number is x, then the second number is x2+2. Thus, the relationship is x:x2 + 2. Hence the correct answer is (1).
By now you have been acquainted with the various types of analogies. Try to solve the exercises given in the following pages and compare your answers with the ones given after the exercises. Study the explanation given with each answer. Even if you got the answer correct, a study of the explantions will bring out the correct way of arriving at the answers.
Directions (Q.5-10): Choose the word which is least like the other words in the group. Ex.5:
1) Cornea 2) Cerebellum
3) Thalamus 4) Medulla
Soln: 1; Here, all except Cornea are parts of the brain, while cornea is a part of the eye. Hence, the answer is (1).
Ex. 6: 1) Carrot 2) Potato
3) Tomato 4) Ginger
Soln: 3; Here, all except Tomato grow under ground. Hence, the answer is (3).
Ex. 7: 1) Charmeleon 2) Crocodile
3) Alligator 4) Locust
Soln: 4; Here, all except Locust are reptiles while locust is an insect. Hence, the answer is (4).
Ex. 8: 1) Skull 2) Pelvis
3) Fibula 4) Appendix
Soln: 4; In the above, all are body-parts. But the dissimilarity is that all of them are madeup of except appendix. Hence (4) is the correct answer.
Ex. 9: 1) Poland 2) Turkey
3) Spain 4) Sweden
Soln: 2; Here, all except Turkey are European countries, while Turkey is an Asian country. Hence, the answer is (2).
Ex. 10: 1) Pistol 2) Sword
3) Gun 4) Rifle
Soln: 2; All are arms but all are fire-arms except sword which is not fired. Hence (2) is the correct answer.
Ex. 11: Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and hence from a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
1)BDH 2)JLP 3) CGI 4)HLP
Soln: 4; All other have different number of letters skipped in between the letters whereas there is equal gap in both pairs of letters in this option.
Ex. 12: Three of the following four have similar relationship and hence form a group. Which one does not belong to the group?
1) SAFETY: VYICWW
2) SMOKER: VKRIHP
3) SERIES: VCUGHQ
4)HEALTH:KCYJWF
Soln: 4; The following rule is followed in other pairs: The first, third and fifth letters of the first word are being replaced with three letters forward as in English alphabet and the second, fourth and sixth letters of the first word are being replaced with two letters backward as in English alphabet.
Directions (Q. 13-14): In each of the following questions, select the related words/groups from the given alternatives:
Ex. 13: AZCX:BYDW:: HQJO: ?
1) GRFP 2) IPKM 3) IPKN 4) GRJP
Ex. 14: 1)RNMP 2)JFEH
3)RPOQ 4) HDCF
Ex. 15: Three of the following are similar in some respect. Find the odd one?
1)73 2) 107 3) 47 4)231
Soln: 4; The rest are prime nos. but ‘231' is divisible by “3”.
Ex. 16: Three of the following four pairs are similar in some way. One of them is different from the others. Find out the odd pair.
1) 2620, 2924 2 )3262,6386 3) 6232,6368 4) 1184, 1210
Soln: 2; Others are pair of amicable numbers. Two numbers with the property that, for each of them, the sum of all their factors less than themselves is equal to the other number, are said to be Amicable. For example, let us consider option D):
The factors of 1210 are 1, 2, 5, 10, 11, 22, 55, 110, 121, 242 and 605 and they sum up to 1184, while the factors of 1184 sum up to 1210.
Ex. 17: Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and hence form a group. Which one among the following does not belong to that group?
1) 126 2) 122 3)65 4)50
Soln: 1; The rest are based on the expression ‘x2 + 1.'
But 126 = 112 + 5.
Directions (Q. 18-21): In each of the following questions, select the related number from the given alternatives:
Ex. 18: 1:8 :: 27 : ?
1)37 2)47 3)57 4)64
Soln: 4;(1)3=1 (2)3=8 (3)3 = 27 (4)3 = 64
Ex. 19: 60 : 36 :: 90 : ?
1) 81 2) 100 3) 516 4) 1000
Soln: ;62 = 36
Similarly, 92 = 81. Square of first digit of first number gives second number.
Ex. 20: 24 : 27 :: ? : 81
1) 8 2)62 3)72 4)82
Soln: 3;27 x 3 = 81
24 x3 = 72
Ex. 21: 342 : 453 :: 831 : ?
1) 942 2) 720 3) 922 4) 740
Ex. 22: Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to the group?
1) 331654729 2 )381154729
3)381654729 4 )381664792
Soln: 3; Except it others are written with the help of eight digits only.
Exercise 1
1) River 2) Dam 3) Beach 4) Waves
1) Printer 2) Mouse
3) Sensor 4) Remote
1) Bangkok 2) Kuala Lumpur
3) Tripoli 4) Sidney
1) Iron 2) Factory 3) Ore 4 ) Mine
1) Pakistan 2) India
3) England 4) Bangladesh
1) Fear 2) Anger
3) Fireball 4) Explosion
1) Novel : Writer 2) Poem: Poet
3) Chair: Carpenter 4) Director: Film
1) Mammal 2) Heart
3) Mind 4) Coin
1) Sports 2) Art 3) Science 4)Film
1) Audio 2) Wave 3) Hear 4 ) Visual
1) Ear 2) Hearing
3) Noise 4) Commotion
1) Pen : Ink 2) Ball: Stick
3) Fruit: Juice 4) Grass : Horses
1) Heat 2) Mercury
3) Scale 4) Thermometer
1) England 2) China
3) Sri Lanka 4). France
1) Vehicle 2) Speed
3) Signal light 4) Path
1) Sunday : Monday
2) Thursday : Wednesday
3) Tuesday : Friday
4) Friday : Monday
1) Programs 2) Entertainment
3) News 4) Match
1)H2O 2)CH4 3)N2 4)NH4
1) Hockey 2) Football
3) Tennis 4) Cricket
1) Tennis 2) Table Tennis
3) Squash 4) Badminton
1) Child 2) Sad
3) Punishment 4) Sorrow
1) Sanitation 2)Treatment
3) Medicine 4) Doctor
1) Wish 2) Hate
3) Suppress 4) Indifference
1) Diffidence 2) Indifference
3) Cowardice 4) Scare
1) Joy 2 ) Laughter
3) Frown 4) Weep
1) Sorrowful 2) Miserable
3) Humble 4) Conceited
1) Eagle 2) Cow
3) Tiger 4) Hen
1) Money 2) Policy
3) Saving 4) Risk
1) Pen: Ink 2) Razor: Beard
3) Furnace : Smoke 4) Nail : Hammer
1) District 2) Place
3) Tehsil 4) City
1) Pacific Ocean 2) Atlantic Ocean
3) Arctic Ocean 4) Antarctic Ocean
1) Opposite 2) Disappointment
3) Wall 4) Down
1) Nagaland - Aizawl
2) Meghalaya – Imphal
3) Mainpur - Kohima.
4) Arunachal Pradesh - Itanagar
1) Bank: Bankers 2) RBI: Governor
3) School: Teacher 4) Shop: Customer
1) Peso 2) Yen
3 ) Ringgit 4) Taka
1) Mason 2)Painter
3) Sculptor 4) Calligrapher
1) Medal : Decoration 2)Bronze : Medal
3) Scarf: Dress 4) Window: House
Directions (Q.38-69): In each of the following questions there is a certain relationship between two given words on one side of :: and one word is given on another side of :: while another word is to be found from the given alternatives, having the same relation with this word as the given pair bears. Choose the best alternative.
1) Amphibians 2) Kidney
3) Heart 4) Soil
1) Taxonomy 2) Seismology
3) Mycology 4) Herpetology
1) Kind 2) Alertness
3) Notice 4) Allergy
1) Flattery 2) Straight
3) Worsen 4) Shallow
1) Stag 2) Bullock
3) Colt 4) Master
1) Violent 2)Calm
3) Proud 4) Sad
1)Jail 2) Museum
3) Zoo 4) Tailor
1) Plant 2) Animal
3) Human 4) Mind
1) Australia 2) Syria
3) Russia 4) Turkmenistan
1) Gobi 2) Colorado
3) Nubian 4) Mojave
1) Federation Cup 2) FIFA Cup
3) Ranji Trophy 4) Wimbledon
1) Lady 2) Nun
3) Bachelor 4) Witch
1) Drake 2) Wizard 3) Fox 4) Drone
1) Won 2) Kyat 3) Lira 4) Rial
1) Jingle 2) Cackle 3) Chirp 4) Howl
1) Mob 2) Chorus
3) Band 4) Council
1) Kyat 2)Dollar 3) Pound 4)Baht
1) Lion 2) Elephant
3) Cat 4) Monkey
1) Thailand 2) France
3) Japan 4) Kenya
1) Gujarat 2) Orissa
3) Karnataka 4) Himachal Pradesh
1) Child 2) Cube 3) Colt 4) Kitten
1) Horse 2) Stag 3) Deer 4 ) Cat
1) Puppy 2) Nymph
3) Cub 4) Caterpillar
1) Sparrow 2) Monkey
3) Hen 4) Coins
1) Colony 2) Mob
3) Cavalcade 4) Swarm
1) Wind 2) Humidity
3) Current 4) Mass
1) Slaughter 2) Shoot
3) Cut 4)Bore
1) Adequate 2) Resign
3) Sufficient 4) Insufficient
1) Cold 2) Cool
3) Hot 4) Cozy
1) Joints. 2) Throat
3) Skin 4) Eyes
1) Hemoglobin 2) Leukemia
3) Goitre 4) Diphtheria
1) Mat 2) Carpet
3) Quick 4) Smell
Directions (Q. 70-76): In each of the following questions, select the related words/groups from the given alternatives:
1) HOGST 2) HOGTS
3) HGOTS 4)HGSOT
1) EGF 2)GHF 3)FHG 4)HGF
1)BEHK 2) EHKM
3)DGJN 4) QTVZ
1) TOTPOP 2) TOTPIP
3) TITPOP 4) TOPTIP
1) AckB 2 )KcaC
3) kCaB 4)KacC
1)USGA 2)UESG 3)VUES 4)SUEG
1) 2)
3)
4)
Directions (Q.77-85): In each of the following questions, select the related number from the given alternatives:
1) 20:120 2) 37:210
3) 42:222 4) 49:350
1) 70 2) 40 3) 48 4)52
1) 24 2 )180 3)202 4)204
1) 433 2 ) 192 3)240 4)344
1) 40 2) 39 3) 50 4) 72
1) 95 2 ) 110 3) 106 4) 118
1)42 2) 35 3) 30 4) 24
1) 9949 2)8838 3)7323 4)2212
1) 56 2) 59 3) 68 4) 61
ANSWERS |
Exercise 2
1) Long-Short 2) Black-White 3) Head-Cap 4) Friend-Foe
1) Tabla 2) Veena 3) Sitar 4) Ektara
1) Swimming 2) Sailing 3) Diving 4 ) Driving
1) Talking 2) Walking 3) Sleeping 4) Running
1) Canister 2) Bucket 3)Bowl 4) Sack
1) Watchman 2) Retailer 3) Abattoir 4) Boatman
1) Aryabhatta 2) Apple 3) Rohini 4) Apollo-Soyuz
1) January 2) March 3) June 4) October
1) Apple 2) Banana 3) Peach 4) Turnip
1) Ere 2) Eve 3) Ewe 4) Ese
1) Hindi 2 ) Tamil 3) Punjabi 4) Urdu
1) Anxiety 2) Worry
3) Inhibition 4) Curiosity
1) Rice 2) Wheat 3) Barley 4) Mustard
1) Hill Mynah 2) Canary 3) Nightingale 4) Parrot
1) Confluence 2) Concours 3) Radiation 4) Concentration
1) Jackal 2) Cheetah 3) Tiger 4) Dog
1) Stethoscope 2) Microscope 3) Telescope 4) Binocular
1) Check 2) Queen
3) Hook 4) Sicilian Defence
1) Judo-Japan 2) Football-Brazil
3) Cricket-India 4) Tennis-Australia
1) Listen 2) Feel 3) Think 4) Sing
1) Train 2) Car 3) Bike 4) Aeroplane
1) Bangkok 2) Cairo 3) Tripoli 4) Egypt
Directions Q. 23-35.): In each of the following questions, find the odd word from the given responses:
1) Electromagnetics 2) Thermodynamics 3) Mechanics 4) Astronomy
1) Kelvin 2) Newton 3) Barrel 4) Length
Directions Q. 38-68.): In each of the following questions, find the odd word from the given responses:
76.Three of the following four are similar is same way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
1) lophobia : Poison
2) Kainolophobia : Novelty
3) Kakorrhaphiophobia: Defeat
4) Hydrophobia: Termite
77.Three of the following are alike in a certain way and hence form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to the group?
1)EKG 2 ) JPL 3)CHE 4)HNJ
78.Three of the following four have similar relationship and hence form a group. Which one does not belong to the group?
1)ANTIPARTICLE:BMVGSXVPNXRY
2) BUREAUCRATIC:CSTCDRGNFOOW
3) DISAGREEABLE: EHUYJOIAFWRY
4) ENDOSKELETON:FMFMVHIHJOUH
79.Find the odd man out.
1) MONDAY 2) TUESDAY
3) THURSDAY 4) WEDNESDAY
80.Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and hence form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
1) EGL 2) MRU 3) GKN 4) PSV
81.Three of the following groups are similar in connection with the position of the letters in the English alphabet and hence form a group. Which one does not belong to the group?
1) GCU 2) ECO 3) DBJ 4) KBV
82.Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
1)131 2 ) 151 3) 181 4)161
83.Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and hence form a group. Which one among the following is different from that group?
1)226 2)290 3)360 4)170
84.Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
1)131 2 )133 3) 143 4)87
85Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
1) 144 2)1089 3)245 4 ) 386
86.Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and hence form a group. Which one among the following does not belong to that group?1)123 2)25 3)341 4)218
87.Three of the following are similar in some respect. Find the odd one.
1) 1729 2)4913 3)13824 4)35937
88.Find out the answer, select the one which is different from the other three responses.
1) 25,36 2) 144,169 3) 100, 121 4) 9,64
89.Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
1)365 2 )85 3)147 4 ) 125
90.Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
1) 72 2) 42 3) 152 4) 110
91.Find out a set of numbers among the four sets of numbers given in the alternatives, which is the most similar to the numbers given in the question.
Given:{ 6, 30,90}
1) 6,42,86 2)7,42,218 3) 6,24,70 4)8,48, 192
92.Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and e so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to the group?
1) 168 2)728 3)290 4)380
Directions (Q. 93-96): In each of the following questions. Find the odd number from the given alternatives:
93. 1)14-11-70 2)3-27-39 3)15-85-5 4)21-7-35
94.1) 66-56 2) 101-90 3) 41-30 4)33 -22
95. 1) (324, 18) 2)(441, 21) 3) (169, 13) 4)(186, 14)
96. 1)49-33 2 )62-46 3)83-67 4 )70-55
97. Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
1)120 2 )5040 3 )40320 4)52480
98. Three of the following are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to the group?
1)12 2) 14 3) 18 4)22
99. Three of the following letter-number groups are similar in connection with the position of the letters in the English alphabet and hence form a group. Which one does not belong to the group?
1) PY8 2)EK5 3)RV3 4)JR6
100. Three of the following four are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?
1) 143 2)63 3) 195 4) 257
ANSWERS |